On President Donald Trump’s first day in office, he signed a sweeping executive order on immigration, threatened to impose a broad range of tariffs, including a 25% tariff on goods imported into the United States from Mexico and Canada that he said would go into effect on Feb. 1, and outlined some actions aimed at taming inflation. A deeper understanding of how fresh produce makes its way into U.S. grocery stores helps to illuminate the contradictions in these goals. The United States depends on migrants — legal and undocumented — to grow and harvest much of its fresh produce. Deportations and the ensuing labor shortages would dramatically raise the cost of produce that requires heavy manual labor, especially fruit like strawberries and blueberries, or anything that must be handpicked. We don’t know whether any of these plans will be enacted, but understanding the role that immigrants, legal as well as undocumented, play in delivering produce to the supermarket will help the administration make better decisions. Mistakes could turn some items, like berries, into luxury goods.